Temper the Spices: Heat 2 ⅔ tablespoons (40 grams) ghee, oil, or butter in a pan. Add ⅔ to 1 teaspoon (2 to 5 grams) cumin seeds, ⅔ teaspoon (2 grams) mustard seeds (optional), and 1 ⅓ dried red chili. When the spices splutter, add ⅙ teaspoon (0.5 grams) hing (asafoetida).
Saute Onions: Add 1 ⅓ medium onion (¼ cup/30 grams) chopped, and 1 ⅓ to 2 ⅔ green chilies (slit or chopped). Saute until the onions turn golden.
Add Aromatics: Add 1 ⅓ teaspoon (7 grams) ginger garlic paste (or ½ inch ginger & 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped). Saute until the raw smell disappears, about a minute.
Cook Tomatoes: Add 1 ⅓ large tomato (½ cup/100 grams), chopped or pureed, and salt. Saute on medium flame until tomatoes turn soft.
Spice It Up: Stir in ⅓ teaspoon (1 gram) turmeric, ⅓ to ⅔ teaspoon (1 to 2 grams) red chili powder, and 1 teaspoon (5 grams) garam masala. Saute for 2 minutes until the masala smells good and leaves the pan.
Combine with Dal: Add the cooked and slightly mashed dal to the pan and mix well. Pour in ⅔ cup (160 ml) water or more to reach desired consistency. Cook until the dal begins to bubble.
Finish: Crush ⅔ teaspoon (1 gram) kasuri methi (dried fenugreek leaves) in your palms and add it. Taste and adjust salt if needed. Garnish with 2 ⅔ tablespoons (10 grams) finely chopped coriander leaves.
Serve: Serve dal fry with rice, roti, butter naan, or paratha. Once the temperature cools slightly, squeeze some lemon juice over the top if desired.